Causes, Symptoms, and Management What is Macular Degeneration? Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It typically occurs in older adults, and it is a leading cause of vision loss. The disease disrupts the macula’s ability to function correctly, leading to a gradual loss of central vision. While peripheral vision may remain unaffected, the central vision loss can impact daily activities such as reading and driving.
Types of Macular Degeneration There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry macular degeneration, the more common form, occurs when the macula thins over time. Wet macular degeneration is characterized by abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina, leading to leakage and bleeding. Wet macular degeneration tends to progress more rapidly than the dry form and can cause more severe vision loss if not treated promptly.
Risk Factors and Causes Several factors contribute to the development of macular degeneration, including aging, genetics, and lifestyle choices. Smoking, high blood pressure, and a diet low in antioxidants can increase the risk of developing the disease. Genetics also play a significant role, with individuals having a family history of macular degeneration being at a higher risk.
Symptoms to Watch For Common symptoms of macular degeneration include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and the presence of dark or empty spots in the central vision. These symptoms often develop gradually, and early detection is crucial for effective management and treatment. Regular eye exams are essential for identifying the disease before it progresses significantly.
Management and Treatment Options While there is no cure for macular degeneration, various treatments can help manage the condition and slow its progression. For dry macular degeneration, nutritional supplements with vitamins and minerals may be recommended. Wet macular degeneration may be treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections or laser therapy to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels. Regular monitoring and a healthy lifestyle can also aid in managing the disease and preserving vision.RETINA